The so-called "three views" are short for world view, life view and values.Among them, the world view is the view of the whole world; the view of life is the view of the purpose and meaning of life, and the world view is the embodiment of life problems.Because of the close relationship between outlook and values, they are sometimes referred to collectively as values in life.As a dialectical unity of relative independence and interconnection, the three views show obvious order of precedence, world view first, life view second, and values again.The worldview determines the outlook on life, and the outlook on life breeds values.Of course, the role of the three views is not static.The outlook on life and values will consolidate, promote or refine the worldview, and will destabilize, distort or destroy it; values will guide it.The three concepts are basically formed in adolescents and are the guidelines for guiding, regulating and constraining all human behavior (including scientific research and innovation).Next, I will talk about the concept and formation of the Three Views based on personal experience and understanding, and the impact on scientific research and innovation.
The concept of three views.A worldview (or cosmology) is a general and fundamental view of the entire world.In general, the world can be divided into two parts: the objective world and the subjective world.The objective world (also known as the material world) is the material, objective, non-conscious, non-conceptual existence (including natural existence and human social existence, the unity of which constitutes the "material world" or "outside world") or collection.Natural existence can be subdivided into nature, matter, motion, space-time, etc.; human social existence can be subdivided into material relations of production, society, state, etc.The subjective world (also known as the spiritual world) is consciousness or thinking (including desires, desires, emotions, wills, ends, concepts, beliefs, thoughts, etc.) that is generated by the human brain as a material basis.
Essentially, the worldview is a reflection of consciousness and matter, thinking and being, and its purpose is to understand the world completely and completely, to solve the question of what the world is.The difference between worldviews and philosophy is that they represent people's unconscious and unsystematic views of the world, and philosophy systematizes and theorizes unconscious and unsystematic worldviews based on certain natural, social and intellectual knowledge.Philosophy is both a systematic and theoretical worldview and a methodological doctrine.In other words, philosophy is the unity of worldview and methodology.The worldview is inheritable and practical (such as guiding and regulating human actions) and can be constantly updated, optimized and refined through practice.
According to its different views on the status and function of spirit and materiality, the worldview can be distinguished between two fundamentally opposing factions, namely idealistic worldview and materialistic worldview.The idealist worldview holds that spirit is the original of the world and is primary; matter is the product of abstract spirit and secondary; therefore, spirit determines matter.Objective idealists recognize religious creationism philosophically by viewing the material world as an externalization or manifestation of the spirit or principle, apart from the individual spirit or principle (e.g., Creator, God, Lord, etc.).Objective idealists (>90% of religious believers) believe that the world was created by God, and that the meaning of self-existence is to be a good person through God's test, get good results, and eventually return to heaven.Subjective idealists regard the subjective spirit of the individual (e.g. sensation, experience, mind, consciousness, concept, will, etc.) as the real being and the original of the world, and the objective things and the material world as a derivative of the subjective spirit.
The materialist worldview holds that matter is the origin of the world and is primary; spirit is a derivative of matter and secondary; therefore, matter determines spirit.Objective materialism has three characteristics, namely, objectivity (the world is objective, independent of human consciousness, independent of human will), materiality (the world is material, real), and space-time (or localization).Objective materialism has undergone three forms of evolution: ancient naive materialism (characterized by intuition, conjecture, lack of scientific argument), modern metaphysical materialism (characterized by mechanical, metaphysical and incomplete nature).
Dialectical materialism holds that the world is material and that matter is primary; consciousness is the active reflection of the material world in the human brain and is secondary; consciousness has a reaction to matter.Dialectical materialism is an important part of Marxist philosophy (i.e. dialectical materialism and materialism), and it is a thorough materialism as well as a thorough dialectic.
Historical materialism is the application of dialectical materialism in the field of human social history.Marx unified dialectical materialism's view of nature and dialectical materialism's view of history and created historical materialism.Historical materialism holds that productive forces determine the relations of production (including modes of production and exchange), that they have a counterproductive effect on the productive forces, and that they must adapt to the development of productive forces.Along with the development of productive forces, human society will move from primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, socialist society, and finally to communist society.
Subjective materialism holds that consciousness is materialized existence and existence is abstracted consciousness (i.e., the identity of matter and consciousness), but avoids the question of whether matter can determine the material idealism of consciousness.Subjective materialism holds that human cognition is a process of information exchange that is continuously generated by the fusion of consciousness and matter.Subjective materialism can be traced back to Parmenides's statement on the unity of thought and existence, Descartes' subjective mode of thought, Berkeley's transcendental idealism, Kant's transcendental idealism, Hegel's dialectic, Husserl's phenomenology.