In recent years, in order to promote the pace of training innovative talents, the state has continued to promote policy reform, which is unprecedented.In January 2020, the Ministry of Education formulated a "opinion on pilot work on basic subject enrollment reform in some colleges and universities", and put forward specific measures to promote the pilot work of basic subject enrollment reform.Since the publication of Opinion, many colleges and universities in China have launched a new round of innovative talent training reform program, which has also led to the continuous discussion of innovative talent training.
From Qian Xuesen's Question
"Why can't our schools always produce outstanding people?"This is the sentiment and question of famous physicist Qian Xuesen.Since then, Qian Xuesen's question has also led to extensive discussion on the cultivation of top innovative talents from academia and practice circles.
From the content of the discussion, the basic consensus of people to answer this question is that China's talent training is mainly examination-oriented education, students' critical thinking ability is seriously insufficient.Therefore, the community put forward the new expectation of transition to quality-oriented education, think that more attention should be paid to students' innovation consciousness cultivation, innovation spirit cultivation, innovation ability training.Based on this, various kinds of experimental classes, interdisciplinary platforms and reform of college system aiming at cultivating top innovative talents have been launched, showing unprecedented prosperity.But from the concrete results, how to train the top innovative talents is still a question to be tested.
To answer this question, we must first think about what kind of people are the top innovators.For a long time, people gradually formed a "Nobel Prize" complex, even to win the "Nobel Prize" as China's top innovative talent training the only indicator of success.
In fact, there are relative and absolute criteria for measuring the cultivation of top innovative talents.People in different historical periods and countries have different understanding and understanding of the cultivation of innovative talents.From the point of view of talent training, the cultivation of innovative talents needs to go through a systematic and complicated process. It is difficult to produce innovative talents in short-term.
A difficult training dilemma.
Since ancient times, talent cultivation has attracted much attention, Confucius in ancient China put forward "teaching according to talent", Socrates in the West put forward "morality is knowledge".It is because of the outstanding and innovative talents that have emerged in human history that human civilization continues and progresses.However, throughout today's education, the road to cultivating top innovative talents is still a long way off, both historical and practical reasons.
From the historical process, education has long been regarded as a tool for safeguarding the interests of the ruling class, which mainly plays a role in solidifying the class.When selecting and appointing talents, the state relies more on the relatively fixed class identity, the coverage of talent selection is relatively closed and narrow.What is more outstanding is that the brand of examination-oriented education formed for a long time in our country is still difficult to completely eliminate, examination-oriented education at this stage.
From the point of view of cultural ecology, the pursuit of the mean is rooted in the traditional philosophy of Chinese culture and permeated into the daily life of education.Today, the policy of "hiding light and keeping obscurity" has evolved into a unique way of dealing with the world.Whenever someone wants to stand out, the alarm bell of "gun shot the bird" always seems to ring in the ear, and the wisdom of protecting oneself also becomes the opposite of stand out.In the process of talent development, it is difficult to get rid of such a culture of inhibiting innovation, so that there is a ridiculous value education that "children who listen to teachers are good children".
From the point of view of institutional mechanism, the teacher's unchallenged authority inhibits the creativity of students, and educational institutions have not established perfect rules and strategies to motivate talented people to stand out.At present, China's education management still has remarkable administrative characteristics, talent selection has randomness, subjectivity and arbitrariness, lack of normality, impartiality and professionalism.At the same time, the selection of talent single standards, limited channels, monopolized the development of excellent talent opportunities.
In fact, every student should grow up unique and indisputably, and what the government and schools need to do is provide them with an institutional mechanism that encourages innovation and free thinking.
Reform should be based on "Three Faces"
Faced with the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, various new demands and new forms of business are emerging, and the traditional talent training model is facing unprecedented challenges.As an elite education, the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is becoming more and more important in the era of popularization of higher education.As early as 1983, Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed that education should be oriented towards modernization, towards the world and towards the future.Under the background of the new era, the educational thought of "three orientation" is still of special significance to the innovative talent training mode reform.
First of all, we should face modernization, break down the external restrictions of talent selection, and adhere to diversified talent selection standards.As the world's largest population, China has an incomparable talent resource base and base, but due to the relatively single talent selection methods and standards, and limited by regional culture and identity.
The state should break the restrictions of various external conditions that bind talented people at the organizational level and provide them with multi-channel and multi-category development options and opportunities.Under the background of modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense, science and technology, national governance system and ability, the selection of talents in schools should also be modernized.
Secondly, we should face the world and strive to create an environment for talent growth that contributes to the progress of human intellectual civilization.In the era of globalization, the concept of talent has long gone beyond the narrow perspective of the country and the nation. The real talent must be a person who has made outstanding contributions to the progress of human knowledge and civilization.
In the process of cultivating top talents, the school not only aims to cultivate students' international vision and consciousness, but also to improve students' international mobility and influence, so as to achieve sustainable development in the competitive international market.At the same time, we should strengthen the interaction with other countries in education and learn from other countries' experiences in a timely manner.
Third, we should face the future, based on the opportunities and challenges of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, to promote the integration of industry, academia and research.Talent cultivation is the main function of the school, but it does not mean that the school can solve all the problems of talent cultivation.The training process of innovative talents must be the process of industry, school and research.
In fact, a new round of scientific and technological revolution is coming, but the ability to cultivate talents in schools lags far behind the needs of industry and research.For schools, the training of innovative talents can not only adapt passively to the development of science and technology, but also play the role of "lighthouse" to further lead the scientific and technological change.Who can train the true top innovators, who can take the lead in the future technological innovation.