With the deployment and promotion of carbon neutralization work, carbon neutralization has become a more popular topic. Many government departments and enterprises are thinking and researching how to achieve carbon peak, and through what way can carbon neutralization be realized? Many articles and reports say that by 2060, how much renewable energy will increase, how much oil and coal consumption will be reduced, and how much new technologies such as hydrogen energy new energy vehicles will be applied to, etc. However, many of the actions reported on carbon neutralization are at the general level of work, and many people have not seen that carbon neutralization will revolutionize the economic and social development.

Realizing carbon neutralization will not only bring about changes in macro figures, but also many industries will have significant changes in structure, shape and operation mode due to the requirements of carbon neutralization. There are also many risks and challenges in this process! The following is an analysis of several industries that are most important to achieve the carbon neutralization goals.

The energy industry is undoubtedly the most important industry to achieve carbon neutralization. Under the target requirements of carbon neutralization, the energy industry will be transformed to green and low carbon direction. At the same time, it is very important that as more and more wind and solar power are connected to the power grid at the distribution end, the energy and power system will be reshaped. In his article "looking forward to 2060, embracing a new era of energy", Chen Xinhua, chairman of the Coordination Committee of the International Gas Union (IGU), pointed out that the development of electric power should change from "electricity from afar" to "electricity from side". Although there is still some debate about this view, it is necessary to see that carbon neutralization will lead to essential changes in power systems. Jeremy Rifkin, a social prophet in the United States, has a good explanation for this in the book "the third industrial revolution". He believes that in the future, everyone can generate electricity through solar panels and small fans on their own homes and unit houses, and they are energy producers; at the same time, everyone will use electricity in production and life, and they are energy consumers. He thinks that the future power grid is different from the centralized control now, and the "distributed intelligent network" will become the main body of the power grid. "Distributed intelligent network" is the "energy Internet" which collects and distributes tens of thousands of power produced by micro power plants to users. This kind of grid will also adopt bidirectional information and intelligent technology, so it is "distributed intelligent network". Energy system based on energy Internet is not only the transformation from fossil energy to clean and renewable energy, but also a revolution in energy production and use.

Transportation industry is a field with large greenhouse gas emissions. The global carbon emission in the field of transportation mainly involves many sectors such as roads, railways, aviation, sea transportation, etc., which accounts for about 24% of the total global total. Moreover, the combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel in the process of motor vehicles not only emissions carbon dioxide which has a direct impact on climate change, but also emissions of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, particles and soot are the main culprits of air pollution. The automobile industry can achieve carbon neutralization by transforming to electric vehicles, which is not only helpful to deal with climate change, but also to reduce air pollution and reduce the harm to people's health. In addition, the electrification of motor vehicles will be closely combined with unmanned driving technology supported by artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of things, and create a new type of automobile industry. Some experts say that future cars are equal to artificial intelligence + new energy. Future new energy unmanned vehicles use power, hydrogen energy or solar energy as power, and are controlled by artificial intelligence. Such cars not only save energy, do not emit greenhouse gases, will not cause excessive pressure on the environment, but also in the process of driving, people can work, can also rest or watch movies, listen to music for leisure and entertainment. Some EU countries and the UK have banned fuel vehicle sales since 2025, or five years later, and believe that more countries will ban and eliminate fuel vehicles in the future. In 1886, German engineer Carl Bentz made the world's first three wheel car powered by gasoline. In the next 20 to 30 years, fuel vehicles will be out of the historical stage. The impact of carbon neutralization on transportation industry and human life is historic.

Construction will also change dramatically with the progress of carbon neutralization. Building is the main place of human activities, but in the process of construction and use, it consumes a lot of resources and energy, and the emission of greenhouse gases accounts for about 40% of the world. The role of construction industry in achieving carbon neutralization is very important, and the future construction will be very different from that of now. The building should not only change to the direction of green, low carbon or even zero carbon, but also the design, construction and use of the building, and even the concept of demolition will be changed. Because the future building, not only for people to live, work, but also may be "a power plant.". Photovoltaic power generation board and fan arranged on the building will generate power supply to the building itself, and the surplus power will be output to the grid. The ground source heat pump of building can make the shallow or deep geothermal become the source of people's heating, air conditioning or hot water. Different construction power plants are connected together, namely, energy Internet, and architecture is also the node of the energy Internet of things. This energy Internet is combined with Internet of things, artificial intelligence and big data, monitoring and analyzing the energy production and consumption of buildings in different periods and seasons, and regulating the use of energy intelligence. Building has become a huge human "data acquisition terminal". Architecture is no longer just the traditional product of ancient "civil engineering", and its function and form will be greatly developed and innovated in the future.

At the same time, financial markets will shift around carbon neutralization by shifting funds from fossil fuels to sustainable assets such as renewable energy. Fossil fuels have been downgraded continuously, and the standard & Poor's index's fossil fuels: heavy energy stocks have fallen below 3 per cent today, from 13 per cent a decade ago. By contrast, investors are investing heavily in renewable energy stocks, with S & P clean energy's shares up 138 per cent in 2020. The Chinese stock market is also clearly reflecting this change. On january8,2021, Ningde times, the leader of domestic new energy vehicle battery, reached 42499 yuan in the day, with a market value of 989.8 billion yuan. The market value of Ningde era has risen more than 12 times in less than three years. But PetroChina, once the first in China's A-share market value, has fallen below 800billion. At the peak of 2007, PetroChina reached $1.24 trillion. At that time, it exceeded 9trillion RMB, which has a huge decrease in assets compared with the previous one.

This leads to the problem of standing assets. Stranded assets are assets that are backward in technology and cannot be used and depreciated in the normal life. If the enterprises are treated, they will inevitably lose money. A Citigroup report analyzes the huge financial risks facing the oil, coal and gas industries. The fossil fuel industry, which has more than $10trillion in stranded assets, including pipelines, ports, power plants and offshore drilling platforms, will soon be phased out. The report of carbon tracking program, a think tank in London energy field, pointed out that the sharp drop in solar and wind power prices "will inevitably lead to billions of dollars of stranded assets generated by enterprises, and will severely damage oil producing countries that cannot be self-modified", while "exposing inexperienced investors who ignore the speed of energy transformation to trillions of dollars in capital risks". Carbon neutralization will bring great changes to the market. Some industries and enterprises will become the market in the future, and some industries and enterprises will face major risks and challenges.

Carbon neutralization should not be regarded as a work required by the state. The government, enterprises and society should study and analyze the future progress of carbon neutralization. It is difficult to stabilize and further in the historical process of carbon neutralization without seeing the revolutionary changes and challenges brought by carbon neutralization. Only those who can grasp the trend of carbon neutralization and development and grasp the opportunities of human transformation to green, low carbon and zero carbon can they be invincible in the future!